Restoring industrial sovereignty

The Covid-19 pandemic revealed the extent of the erosion of industrial sovereignty in France and Europe. From the start of the crisis, factory closures and sanitary measures introduced throughout the world led to both supply and market problems. Globalisation has been widely questioned in the face of a virus whose spread it has accelerated, leading to an awareness of vulnerabilities in industrialisation, notably due to fragmentation, concentration of value chains and foreign dependence on strategic goods. However, a large part of the Western states has entered a cycle of de-industrialisation since the 1970s, and Europe has been facing an industrial decline for several years in the face of the American and Chinese giants. In a world increasingly governed by economic power struggles, and in the interests of independence, the question of restoring industrial sovereignty is crucial. What should be the role of states in planning reindustrialisation? Is it a question of relocating industry or diversifying sources of supply?