Global security: towards a new architecture?

Recent global crises – armed conflicts, terrorism, cyberattacks, and competition over strategic resources – are forcing us to rethink global governance, as it seems to be at a crossroads. On one hand, the Atlantic alliance is being undermined by the foreign and security policy of the United States, prompting European countries to reassess their independence. The question of military autonomy for Europe has therefore become more pressing, as seen in debates about extending France’s nuclear umbrella to other countries or Germany's decision to increase its military spending. At the same time, despite Donald Trump’s pro-Russian stance aimed at disassociating the China-Russia duo, relations within the BRICS group are only growing stronger, with their ambition to challenge the dominance of liberal democracies on the global stage. What future then for multilateralism? Is there a need to reform its institutions, or is rising militarization inevitable to ensure security? What political and technological developments does this imply for established models of defence?